Villanova University

HIS 3352-01: Twentieth century European Culture and Society

Fall 2005, MW 1:30-2:45 pm, John Barry 211

 

Professor:

Office:

Office hours:

Phone:

E-mail:

Web page:

Paul Steege

SAC 428

M 11 am-12 pm; F 2:30-3:30 pm ; or by appointment

x9-6963

paul.steege@villanova.edu

http://www.homepage.villanova.edu/paul.steege/

 

 

Course

Objectives:

 

This course will focus on Europe’s effort to wrestle with the violent ruptures of the twentieth century.  Weaving discussions of high and popular culture into a careful examination of European society and everyday life, students will discuss Europeans’ attempts to cope with the experiences that often quite literally tore their world apart:  two world wars, revolution, economic crisis, dictatorship, terrorism, and genocide.  We will confront the ways in which a variety of people (artists, politicians, and “ordinary” Europeans) tried to make sense of situations that often seemed to defy comprehension.

 

While the course will depend on the students’ ability to critically analyze and deconstruct an array of texts and images and will work aggressively to foster those skills, it ultimately aims to challenge participants to explore the disconcertingly central place of violence in twentieth century Europe and the modern world more generally.

 

 

Required

Books:

 

Borowski, Tadeusz. This way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen.  Trans. Barbara Vedder. New York: Penguin, 1976.

 

Camus, Albert. The Stranger. Trans. Matthew Ward. New York: Vintage International, 1989.

 

Eksteins, Modris. Rites of Spring: the Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age.  Boston and New York: Mariner Books, 2000.

 

Enzensberger, Hans Magnus.  Europe, Europe: Forays into a Continent. Trans. Martin Chalmers.  New York:  Pantheon Books, 1989.

 

Sebald, W. G. On the Natural History of Destruction. Trans. Anthea Bell. New York: The Modern Library, 2004.

 

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Trans. H. T. Willetts. New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 2005.

 

 

Optional text:

Mazower, Mark.  Dark Continent: Europe’s twentieth century.  New York: Vintage Books, 2000. (M)

 

All books are available for purchase in the Villanova University Shop.  If you choose to buy any of the books used (online or otherwise), make sure to obtain the edition listed on the syllabus.

 

 

Course

Organization:

 

The course will utilize a combination of lecture and discussion.  Even during lectures, I encourage students to pose questions, request clarifications, and challenge my assertions.

 

At the beginning of each class session, students will have the opportunity to pose questions about readings and/or previous classes.  Come prepared to raise points that interest, disturb, or provoke you.

 

Films:  Six films will be required viewing as part of this course.  One will be screened in class; the other five will be screened outside of class at a time to be arranged.  You MUST view the films, which will be integrated into the course assignments (see below).  Where possible, copies of the films will be placed on reserve in Falvey Library, but owing to the large number of students in this course, attendance at the general showing is strongly encouraged.

 

During the course, I will at times distribute critical information via e-mail using your official Villanova e-mail address.  You are responsible for checking that account regularly.  If you use an outside e-mail address, be sure to set the preferences on your Villanova account to automatically forward messages to your preferred address.  Check the online syllabus regularly for any updates.

 

 

Assignments

and Grading:

 

In-class midterm exam, (Monday, October 24): You will be asked to write short essays in which you elaborate the significance of 5 of 8 identification terms.  The eight terms on the exam will be drawn from a longer list distributed about one week ahead of time.  A successful answer will not just identify the term and date it correctly but also make and support an argument about its broader historical significance.  I will discuss the exam with you in greater depth a few weeks into the course.

 

Take-home final exam: You will receive three questions during the last week of classes.  You must submit an 8-10 page type written response to one of these three questions.  Your answers are due in my box in the History Department office by 4 pm on Thursday, 15 December.

 

Note:  Any student who misses an exam or exam deadline without making prior arrangements will receive a failing grade (zero) for that exam.  Students should alert me to any conflicts with a scheduled exam as soon as possible to make arrangements to take the exam before the scheduled date (I reserve the right to determine whether the conflict is reasonable).  Should an emergency require you to miss/be unable to submit an exam, you must contact me before the class period in which the exam is to be given/due.

 

Three 2-page essay responses:

 

As a way to help prepare for our discussion of the films, I am asking you to prepare three very short (2-page) essay responses to questions that I will pose in advance.  For the first essay, all students must write on the film Battleship Potemkin.  This essay is due at the beginning of class on Monday, September 12.  You may write the other two essays on any of the other films.  In each case, the essay is due at the beginning of class on the date we discuss that film.

 

Your essay should be typed using 12-point Times or Times New Roman font, double-spaced, with 1-inch margins.  Please do not include a cover page and print on the front and back side of the paper.  You should draw on other course readings to help you frame your argument.  More details will be posted on the course website.

 

Note:  I will adhere rigorously to these deadlines.  Assignments submitted after the deadline will be substantially penalized.  Electronic submission of papers is generally to be avoided and will be accepted only in isolated cases and with prior approval (a faulty printer is not an adequate reason to submit a paper by e-mail).  Should some emergency require an extension on any assignment, you must contact me before the scheduled due date.

 

Attendance and participation:  I will not take attendance.  However, attending class and completing assigned readings are quite simply the best ways to succeed in this class.  Regular, engaged participation in class discussion will have a positive influence on your final grade. In assessing your participation, I do expect you always to have the answer.  In many ways, asking good questions most effectively demonstrates your ongoing engagement with course material. For continuous, outstanding contributions to class (measured not just in quantity but in quality), students will have their final grade raised by one letter increment (from B to B+, from B+ to A-, etc.).

 

 

 

Final Grade:

In-class midterm exam

Take-home final exam

3 reviews

  30%

  40

  30

 

 

TOTAL

100%

 

 

Academic

Integrity:

 

Plagiarism or cheating on any coursework will not be tolerated.  Any case of academic fraud (copying of another student’s work, illicit use of notes on an exam, undocumented use of an outside source, etc.) will automatically result in a failing grade for the course and the submission of an academic integrity report to the university.  If you have any questions about documenting sources or what constitutes academic fraud, please speak to me or consult the student handbook.  We will discuss this in detail during the first weeks of the course.

 

 

Disabilities:

Students with disabilities who may need academic accommodations are encouraged to discuss options with me after class or during my office hours during the first two weeks of class.  More information about documenting or addressing learning disabilities is available from Nancy Mott, Director of the Office of Learning Services (tel. x9-5636 or e-mail nancy.mott@villanova.edu) or from that office’s web site.

 

 

Class/Reading Schedule

Read the assignments prior to the class for which they are scheduled.  BRING YOUR BOOK TO CLASS!  I will make every effort to stick to this schedule but reserve the right to adapt it as may prove necessary.

 

 

Part I: The Shock of Modernity

Optional background for this section of the course: Mazower, to p. 137

 

Wed., Aug. 24

What is modernity?

 

 

Mon., Aug 29

Modernity and outrage
Reading:  Eksteins, xiii-54; skim pp. 55-94

 

 

Wed., Aug. 31

Europe interrupted
Film: The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Germany/Austria, 1919)  [viewed in class]
Reading:  Sigmund Freud, “The Uncanny”

 

 

Mon., Sept. 5

No class—Labor Day

 

 

Wed., Sept. 7

Making sense of a ruptures world
Reading:  Eksteins, skim pp. 139-69 then read pp. 170-238

 

 

Thu./Fri.

Film: Battleship Potemkin (USSR, 1925)

Time/Location TBD

 

 

Mon., Sept. 12

Discussion: Battleship Potemkin

Due: First essay response

 

 

Wed., Sept. 14

The aestheticization of politics
Reading:  Walter Benjamin, “The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction”

 

 

Mon., Sept. 19

Possibility and danger in interwar Europe
Reading:  Eksteins, 241-74

 

 

Part II: Totalizing Violence

Optional background for this section of the course: Mazower, 138-249

 

Wed., Sept. 21

Preparing for the next war
Reading:  Ernst Jünger, “Total Mobilization” [electronic reserve]

 

 

Mon., Sept. 26

Totalizing violence: the State
Reading:  Solzhenitsyn, entire book

 

 

Wed., Sept. 28

Totalizing violence: war
Reading:  Heinrich Böll, “Stranger, bear word to the Spartans….” [electronic reserve]

 

 

Mon., Oct. 3

The Banality of Evil: the workings of the Holocaust
Reading:  TBD

 

 

Wed., Oct. 5

Obscenity at the heart of the century
Reading:  Borowski, entire book

 

 

Oct. 10-14

No class – fall break

 

 

Mon, Oct. 17

Europe in Ruins
Reading:  Sebald, 1-68

 

 

Mon./Tue.

Film: Ashes and Diamonds (Poland, 1958)

Time/Location TBD

 

 

Wed., Oct. 19

Discussion:  Ashes and Diamonds

DUE:  Ashes and Diamonds essay

 

 

Mon., Oct. 24

Midterm Exam

 

 

Part III: Coming to Grips with a Violent Century

Optional background for this section of the course: Mazower, 250-403

 

Wed., Oct. 26

Trying to locate wartime destruction
Reading:  Sebald, 69-105

 

 

Thu./Fri.

Film: Persona (Sweden, 1966)

 

 

Mon., Oct. 31

Discussion:  Persona

DUE: Persona essay

 

 

Wed., Nov. 2

Alienation, isolation, action
Reading: Camus, entire book

 

 

Mon., Nov. 7

The ironies of European “Civilization”
Reading: Jean-Paul Sartre, Introduction to The Wretched of the Earth

 

 

Wed., Nov. 9

Modern violence
Reading: Kristin Ross, “Hygiene and Modernization”

 

 

Mon., Nov. 14

Living comfortably in Europe?
Reading: Enzensberger (selections)

 

 

Wed., Nov. 16

Protest and Terror in a Divided Continent
Reading: TBD

 

 

Thu./Fri.

Film: Germany in Autumn (West Germany, 1978)

 

 

Mon., Nov. 21

Discussion: Germany in Autumn

DUE:  Germany in Autumn essay

 

 

Nov. 23-25

No class – Thanksgiving break

 

 

Mon., Nov. 28

Imagining Europe
Reading: Enzensberger (selections)

 

 

Wed., Nov. 30

1989
Reading: TBD

 

 

Thu./Fri.

Film: Calling the Ghosts (Croatia/USA, 1999)

 

 

Mon., Dec. 5

Discussion: Calling the Ghosts

DUE: Calling the Ghosts essay

 

Distribution of final exam questions

 

 

Wed, Dec. 7

NO CLASS!!

 

 

Mon., Dec. 12

NOTE CHANGE: Final discussion: Returning to a violent past?
Reading: Timothy Garton Ash, “The lesson of London” and Peter Schneider, “The New Berlin Wall” (check e-mail for link)

 

 

Thu., Dec. 15

Take-home final due by 4pm in my box in the History Department (SAC 403)