Villanova University

HIS 4660: World at War, 1939-1945

Fall 2007, T R 1-2:15 pm, Tolentine 213

 

Dr. Paul Steege

STAUG 428

x9-6963

paul.steege@villanova.edu

http://www.homepage.villanova.edu/paul.steege/

Office hours:

T 4-5, W 11-noon,

and by appointment

 

Course web site via http://www.homepage.villanova.edu/paul.steege/

 

 

Course

Objectives:

As a research seminar in the History Department, this course aims both to offer students a concentrated opportunity to explore some of the massive historiography of the Second World War and to introduce students to the craft of history.

 

Topically, this course will not examine the history of battles and military campaigns. Rather it will explore visions, experiences, recollections, and (re)constructions of the war at the heart of the 20th century. Ultimately, it seeks to challenge efforts to ascribe comfortable meanings and explanations to this incredible explosion of violence.

 

Using a variety of sources, we will explore the significance of this extreme violence and try to grapple with its ongoing relevance. In addition to asking them to challenge their (pre)conceptions of this period of history, I will also challenge students to develop their ability to think critically about the past and to formulate their own argument about its significance.

 

Over the course of the semester, students will learn to differentiate between history and historiography, to recognize different methodological approaches to history, and to “read” and to evaluate the limits and possibilities of different kinds of primary sources. In addition we will work aggressively to cultivate students’ ability to craft coherent arguments about the past and to convey them effectively in both written and oral formats.

 

 

Required

Materials:

Adams, Michael C. C. The best war ever: America and World War II. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.

 

Browning, Christopher. Ordinary men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York: Harper Perennial, 1998.

 

Dower, John W. War without mercy: race and power in the Pacific War. New York: Pantheon Books, 1987.

 

Eksteins, Modris. Walking since daybreak: a story of Eastern Europe, World War II, and the heart of our century. New York: Mariner Books, 1999.

 

 

 

Optional books:

Parker, R.A.C. The Second World War: a short history. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

Rampolla, Mary Lynn. A Pocket Guide to Writing in History. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007.

 

 

Course

Organization:

The organization of each class session will reflect the course’s dual purposes and thus address both the topical (history of World War II) and the methodological (the practice of history). The latter is indicated in the syllabus with the designation “proseminar.” Some of these class segments have been left unscheduled to allow us the flexibility to address issues of interest to the class.

 

 

Assignments:

Seminar Participation (20% of course grade): While attendance is assumed, showing up is not sufficient. A research seminar is only as good as its participants’ commitment to engaged discussion. Regular, engaged participation in class discussions is simply assumed. This does not mean that I anticipate that you will all have “the answer.” This junior seminar is a collaborative undertaking, in which we propose, examine, and critique ideas. While our discussions must retain respect for each other and our divergent opinions, they will also allow for (and demand) rigorous, critical examination of what people have to say.

 

Proseminar Preparation (5% of course grade): At times throughout the semester, you will be asked to complete brief assignments that will facilitate the proseminar portion of our class sessions. For the most part, the individual assignments will be ungraded but completion is mandatory.

 

In-Class Midterm (25% of course grade): The midterm on Thursday, October 11 will be open book and open note. Students will be asked to write essays that evaluate a document (you will have a choice of two documents not previously examined in class) and locate it within the historical context of materials explored in the course. We will discuss the exam in detail in class.

 

Document Reader with Commentary (50 % of course grade): In consultation with the instructor, students should select a research topic and choose three primary sources that will serve to help explain a preliminary research project that might be undertaken within the topic. Students’ final submission will include a brief discussion of the historiography in the topic (approximately 5 pp.); the three documents including a) an analysis and discussion of each source and b) an explanation of your selection of these sources; and a brief discussion of the research that this preliminary work might make possible. This final discussion should map out some of the arguments suggested by your investigations to this point. This assignment will depend on work to be completed over the course of the semester:

1)       Initial consultation with Professor to be completed by September 20 (ungraded).

2)       Preliminary bibliography and topic discussion due in class October 3 (10% of course grade)

3)       Document choice and historiographic discussion to be posted to WebCT by Thursday, November 15 (10% of course grade)

4)       Brief oral presentation of documents and research project to be scheduled between November 20 and December 6 (5% of course grade)

5)       Final submission due in class Thursday, December 13 (25% of course grade)

 

Late Work policy: Assignments submitted after the deadline will be substantially penalized. Additionally, an unexcused absence does not excuse the failure to submit your work in a timely fashion. If you must be absent on a date an assignment is due, you must make arrangements with the professor in advance.

 

Failure to complete all course requirements (including ungraded assignments) will result in a grade of “F” for the course, regardless of the grade received on any submitted work.

 

 

Academic

Integrity and Grading:

Academic integrity rests at the foundation of intellectual life in a university. Plagiarism or cheating on any coursework will not be tolerated. Any case of academic fraud (copying of another student’s work, illicit use of notes on an exam, undocumented use of an outside source, etc.) will automatically result in a failing grade for the course and the submission of an academic integrity report to the university. If you have any questions about documenting sources or what constitutes academic fraud, please speak to me or consult the student handbook. I will discuss this in detail during the first week of the course.

 

Grades will adhere to the criteria stated in the undergraduate catalog. As a reminder, an "A" is defined as:

 

“the highest academic grade possible; an honor grade which is not automatically given to a student who ranks highest in the course, but is reserved for accomplishment that is truly distinctive and demonstrably outstanding. It represents a superior mastery of course material and is a grade that demands a very high degree of understanding as well as originality or creativity as appropriate to the nature of the course. The grade indicates that the student works independently with unusual effectiveness and often takes the initiative in seeking new knowledge outside the formal confines of the course.”

 

 

 

Disabilities:

Students with disabilities who may need academic accommodations are encouraged to discuss options with us after class or during my office hours during the first two weeks of class. More information about documenting or addressing learning disabilities is available from Nancy Mott, Director of the Office of Learning Services (tel. x9-5636 or e-mail nancy.mott@villanova.edu) or from that office’s web site.

 

 

Campus

Services:

Villanova Writing Center in Old Falvey: 610.519.4604

Consultations should be arranged by appointment. Please be advised: the Writing Center staff recommends setting appointments several weeks in advance.

 

 

 

Villanova Counseling Center in Corr Hall: 610.519.4050

The Counseling Center is managed by caring and committed individuals who can help you make an adjustment in your study habits, deal with a crisis, or establish a long-term relationship to address an ongoing personal matter.

 

 

Lecture/Reading Schedule

Read all assignments before the class for which they are scheduled. Please note: as much as this syllabus strives to be complete, I will on occasion alter this schedule. Any changes will be announced and included in the online version of the syllabus.

 

Tue., Aug. 28

Introduction: Envisioning World War II

 

 

Thu., Aug. 30

Historical precedents and historiographical context

Reading: Eksteins, Walking since daybreak, ix-32.

 

Proseminar Exercise: En route to a topic: cultivating a network of sources

 

 

Tue., Sept., 4

Wartime enthusiasm, wartime despair: between World Wars

Reading: Ernst Jünger, “Total Mobilization” (electronic reserve)

Film: All Quiet on the Western Front (1930); excerpts to be viewed in class.

 

Proseminar Exercise: Reading for Comprehension

 

 

Thu., Sept. 6

Trying to avoid war?

Reading: Selected historical journals (in conjunction with proseminar exercise)

 

Proseminar Exercise: Historical journals and book reviews

 

 

Tue., Sept. 11

Crisis renewed in Europe: the Spanish Civil War

Images: Spanish Civil War Posters

Optional Reading: R. A. C. Parker, The Second World War, chapter 1

 

Proseminar Exercise: Reading images

 

 

Thu., Sept. 13

No Class

 

 

Tue., Sept. 18

Accelerating crisis in Asia

New York Times report on the “Nanking massacre”

Optional Reading: R. A. C. Parker, The Second World War, chapter 5

 

Proseminar Exercise: Newspapers as Sources

 

 

Thu., Sept. 20

War returns to Europe

Listening assignment: Robert Trout reports on the fall of France (NPR website)

(click on “Listen”)

Optional Reading: R. A. C. Parker, The Second World War, chapters 2-3

 

Proseminar Exercise: Historical contingency

 

 

Tue., Sept. 25

American visions of war

Reading: Michael C. C. Adams, The Best War Ever, pp. xi-68
Web sites on the Veterans of Future Wars
Web site 1: Richard Challener, "Veterans of Future Wars" (from a Princeton Companion)
Web site 2: "Veterans of Future Wars, 1936-1947" (S. G. Mudd Manuscript Library)

 

Proseminar Exercise: Narrative and argument

 

 

Thu., Sept. 27

Normal brutality: The Battle of San Pietro

Reading: John Dower, War without mercy, pp. 33-73

 

Proseminar Exercise: Reading sources “against the grain”

 

 

Tue., Oct. 2

Displacements: locating war experiences

Reading: Eksteins, Walking since daybreak, pp. 33-170.

 

Proseminar Exercise: Historical Starting and Ending Points

 

 

Thu., Oct. 4

War of annihilation: from Operation Barbarossa to Stalingrad

Reading: Von Reichenau to his forces (1941)

Optional Reading: R. A. C. Parker, The Second World War, chapters 4, 7

DUE: Preliminary bibliography

 

Proseminar Exercise: Historical methodologies

 

 

Tue., Oct. 9

National Socialism and the racist state

Reading: The Nuremberg Laws on Citizenship and Race
The Wannsee Protocol

Optional reading: R. A. C. Parker, The Second World War, chapter 17

 

Proseminar Exercise: Historiography of the Holocaust

 

 

Thu., Oct. 11

Midterm Exam

 

 

Oct. 15-19

Fall Break

 

 

Tue., Oct. 23

Mass killing as an everyday activity

Reading: Christopher Browning, Ordinary Men (entire book)

 

Proseminar Exercise: Everyday life history

 

 

Thu., Oct. 25

Race and the Pacific War I
Reading: John Dower, War without mercy (selections)

 

Proseminar Exercise: TBD

 

 

Tue., Oct. 30

Finding a way to the end of the war
Reading: Eksteins, Walking since Daybreak, chapter 6

 

Proseminar Exercise: TBD

 

 

Thu., Nov. 1

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Reading: Excerpts from the Truman Diaries
Selections from a Gar Alperovitz essay

Optional Reading: R. A. C. Parker, The Second World War, chapter 14

 

Proseminar Exercise: TBD

 

 

Tue., Nov. 6

Topic shifted to November 8

 

Proseminar Exercise: TBD

 

 

Thu., Nov. 8

The War’s end in historical debate

Reading:  Selections from The Journal of American History (Dec. 1995)
John Dower, War without mercy, pp. 293-317

 

Proseminar Exercise: TBD

 

 

Tue., Nov. 13

War crimes and postwar justice

Reading: Charter of the International Military Tribunal (at Nuremberg)
Judgment of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of German Major War Criminals

 

Proseminar Exercise: Making ethical judgments

 

 

Thu., Nov. 15

Myth and memory

Reading: Michael C. C. Adams, The Best War Ever, pp. 69-end.

Optional reading: Sarah Bennett Farmer, “Oradour-sur-Glane: Memory in a Preserved Landscape”

 

Proseminar Exercise: Presentation, critique, revision

 

 

Tue., Nov. 20

Student Presentations

 

 

Nov. 21-23

Thanksgiving Break

 

 

Tue., Nov. 27

Student Presentations

 

 

Thu., Nov. 29

Student Presentations

 

 

Tue., Dec. 4

Student Presentations

 

 

Thu., Dec. 6

Student Presentations

 

 

Tue., Dec. 11

No Class—Friday Classes Meet

 

 

Thu., Dec. 13

Final discussion: Locating World War II in history
DUE: Document Reader with Commentary (final version)